Which ideology advocated economic self-sufficiency, racial pride, and political autonomy, often rejecting integration?

Which ideology advocated economic self-sufficiency, racial pride, and political autonomy, often rejecting integration?

• A. Civil Rights Movement
• B. Black nationalism
• C. Black Panthers
• D. NAACP

Answer: (B)

Black nationalism centers on Black self-determination, economic independence, and pride in Black heritage, often aiming for political autonomy or separation from the dominant society rather than full integration. The described ideology directly matches this mindset: pursuing economic self-sufficiency within Black communities, cultivating racial pride, and seeking control over political destinies rather than assimilation into the broader power structure. Historically associated with Garveyism and movements that favored self-reliance and sometimes separation, it contrasts with the Civil Rights Movement, which focused on achieving equal rights and integration through legal means and nonviolent protest. While the Black Panthers drew on Black nationalist ideas, the question points to the broader ideology of Black nationalism itself rather than a specific group, and the NAACP champions civil rights and integration, not rejection of it.

Black nationalism centers on Black self-determination, economic independence, and pride in Black heritage, often aiming for political autonomy or separation from the dominant society rather than full integration. The described ideology directly matches this mindset: pursuing economic self-sufficiency within Black communities, cultivating racial pride, and seeking control over political destinies rather than assimilation into the broader power structure. Historically associated with Garveyism and movements that favored self-reliance and sometimes separation, it contrasts with the Civil Rights Movement, which focused on achieving equal rights and integration through legal means and nonviolent protest. While the Black Panthers drew on Black nationalist ideas, the question points to the broader ideology of Black nationalism itself rather than a specific group, and the NAACP champions civil rights and integration, not rejection of it.